Table l shows of the nursery box method which is being adopted in the. The ril population consists of 380 f 12 lines developed by advancing the f 2 generation through the f 8 by single pod descent funada et al. Plant breeding and genetics encyclopedia of life support. Measurement of inorganic phosphorus in soybeans with near. Uwaplant production systems workshop dafwa breeding methods based on f 2 progeny method year generation traits technologies 0 gh p1 x p 2 0 s gh f1 1 spaced plants f2 a 2 s1, 10 f23 a y qd. Kidwell encyclopedia of life support systems eolss dianthus herbatus and thus was more botanical in nature rather than aimed at the improvement of a crop population. Screening and selection of f 5 seedlings for prsv disease resistance by manual inoculation. Description two parental lines are crossed to generate f1 progeny which are then selfed to produce f2 plants.
Accelerating the generation of homozygosity and genome. Integrated breeding approaches such as combining markerassisted selection and rapid line fixation through singleseeddescent, can. Pdf rice breeding for high yield by advanced single seed. A pod from each plant in each population will be planted as next generation seed.
Since pis an arbitrary vector and can be positive or negative, every component of the. Read agronomic performance of lines derived from anther culture, maize pollination and single seed descent in a spring wheat cross, tag theoretical and applied genetics on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Lines developed through each procedure were yield tested and selected at f 6 and f 7 for pd and ssd, respectively. From each of the selected plants, f3 seeds are harvested, bulked and planted. The initial population of this study was a bc 2 f 1 from a cross between a well adapted and a high oil cultivar. Singleseed descent, singlepod, and bulk sampling methods. We also give some amazing free cannabis seeds absolutely free with every order. Mar 29, 2016 single seed descent method this is the classic procedure of having a single seed from each plant, bulking the individual seeds, and planting out the next generation. Breeding procedure of single seed descent method 3. Single seed descent method source acquaah, 2006 action grow f1 plants, harvest all f2 seeds per plant grow f2 population, harvest one seed per plant grow f3 population, harvest one seed per plant grow f4 population, harvest one seed per plant spaceplant to grow f5, select best single plants grow f5derived plant rows in the. Pedigree selection was the most effective simulated selection method at high 75% and moderate 50% heritabilities.
Nov 29, 2012 the single seed descent ssd method of inbreeding minimizes the amount of genetic sampling. In plant breeding, the single seed descent ssd method is often used to hasten the development of homozygous breeding lines. Bulk population methodharvested seed is mixed and advanced. Stochastic gradient methods for largescale machine learning. Note that the outline if for one parental combination and that selection can be practiced in any generation. The f 5 plants were grown at the university of georgia plant sciences farm and at maturity, individual f 5 plants were harvested to create 150 f 5.
Pedigree selection was the most effective simulated selection method. Raising of f 3 and later generations from a bulk of one seed from each f2 and subsequent generation plant in order to ensure that each f2 plant is represented equally in the end population. Detection of stable qtls for grain protein content in rice. Single seed descent method was performed until the f 5 generation. One vs all classification using logistic regression for iris dataset discover live editor create scripts with code, output, and formatted text in a single executable document. Unlike single seed descent, the multiple seed procedure would allow plant breeders to benefit from divergence in segregation patterns in lines derived from the same fj plant. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation. Pedigree refers to record of the ancestry of an individual selected plant. This protocol describes procedures for speedbreeding approaches using growth cabinets and ledsupplemented glasshouses. In a system of rapidgeneration turnover where only a few seeds per plant are produced the bp method can be applied more efficiently than ssd. Plant breeding methods and use of classical plant breeding. First proposed by goulden 1939 and later modified by brim 1966. Pedigree selection was the most effective simulated selection method at high 75 % and.
Using rapid generation advance with single seed descent in. Comparison of early generation yield testing and a single. Breeding methods and history of bean cultivars released in. Skavaril abstract three computer simulation programs have been developed for use as laboratory exercises in an introductory plant breeding course. Breeders must carefully consider which method will be the most effective for their purposes. Efficiency of single seed descent and early selection in the. Ps and single seed descent ssd methods in two yardlong bean crosses. Plant breeding matters is a unique source of information about the business and science of plant breeding, produced by the british society of plant breeders bspb. The national association of plant breeders in partnership. There are two distinct types of optimization algorithms widely used today. For the bulk method, all plants are harvested in the mass to produce the bulk population of the next single seed descent method consists of taking a single seed from each plant and compositing the seeds to maintain the next generation. The aim of the ssd procedure is to make many homozygous lines in a short time at a low cost. Pdf file using apache tika, i used apache tika because it gives me freedom for extracting data from different extensions with same pipeline. Pure line selection and mass selection breeding methods.
As in the single variable case, and for the same reason, we start by considering the rst order terms. B111 b111 was derived by single seed descent from bsssrc9, a strain of bsss, that had undergone nine cycles of reciprocal halfsib recurrent selection with bscb1r. In 2004, 15 f 4 progenies were selected by each selection method from each population. Rice breeding for high yield by advanced single seed descent method of selection author. Scaled rating of fruit size, fruit number, fruit color internal, thickness of locule wall, firmness, vine health. The plant materials used in this research include kdml105 and ch1 new plant type npt for high yield potential as parents and five cultivated thai varieties, ptt1, cnt1, spr 60, rd31 and rd41. Comparison of random bulk population and singleseeddescent. Single seed descent ssd method includes stages as described below. Single seed descent method action grow f 1 plants, harvest all f 2 seeds per plant grow f 2 population, harvest one seed per plant grow f 3 population, harvest one seed per plant grow f 4 population, harvest one seed per plant spaceplant to grow f 5 select best single plants grow f 5 derived plant rows in the f 6 generation f 5. He noted that a wheat breeding program could be divided into two stages. Seed germination processes and requirements d id you know that the double coconut palm produces the largest seed in the world.
An r package for snp markerbased parentoffspring tests. The selection procedures were pedigree selection pd and single seed descent selection ssd. A comparison of the efficiency of four breeding methods, the pedigree, modified pedigree and bulk methods, and single seed descent, with a pair of crosses whose potential was assessed in a previous paper, showed that, on average, the f 6 products of the three methods in which selection had been practiced outscored those produced by single seed descent for most characters for which. Transgressive segregation for yield and oil content producing lines with considerably higher values than the better parent was observed in bc 2 f 4 and. Pedigree breeding is a method of genetic improvement of selfpollinated species. Pdf single seed descent method in plant breeding mugisha. Revisiting rice breeding methods evaluating the use of. It should be noted that the seed is one generation ahead of the plant, that is, an f 2 plant bears f 3 seed. The duration of bulking may vary from 67 or more generations. This is the classic procedure of having a single seed from each plant, bulking the individual seeds, and planting out the next generation. Evaluation of pedigree and single seed descent selection. Pedigree methodthe genealogy of each plant is known. Repeated selfing or single seed descent is the fastest way to achieve homozygosity with a group or family.
Although selection through rga has limited applicability, because of the miniature plants produced, it does increase the ratio of favorable. Rapid generation advance rga with single seed descent is an effective tool for rice breeders. On the selection for specific genes by single seed descent. Single seed descent permits each fj plant to be represented only once in the fg generation. Share your knowledge share your word file share your pdf file share your ppt file. Genetics congress although he did not use the term single seed descent. Discuss processes and requirements of seed germination. The single seed descent ssd method of selection has been evaluated in safflower carthamus tinctorius l. The indica variety 5150 was kindly provided by the china national rice research institute hangzhou, zhejiang province. Pureline cultivars pureline cultivarsare developed for species that are highly selfpollinated. The methods of breeding selfpollinated species may be divided into two broad groups those preceded by hybridization. Usptwm1 was selected on the basis of partial resistance to white mold and agronomic characteristics across four white mold field environments in north dakota and washington in 2001 and2002 miklas et al. Single seed descent method this is the classic procedure of having a single seed from each plant, bulking the individual seeds, and planting out the next generation.
Whatever the size of the seed, the function is to grow into mature plants. Planned 2016 research activities under the soybean innovation. This method is applicable to selfpollinated field crops for which growth conditions can be manipulated to enforce earlier flowering and seed set compared to normal field conditions. Aug 16, 2019 two castor bean inbred lines, zb306 with small seeds and zb107 with large seeds kindly provided by shandong zibo academy of agriculture sciences, china, were used as parental lines to generate an ril population by the single seed descent method. A new plant breeding method the biotron breeding system bbscan rapidly produce advanced generations in rice oryza sativa l. The efficiency of pedigree and single seed descent. There are key advantages and disadvantages of the bulk breeding method. Development of uniform f1 hybrid varieties of korean. A variation of the ssd is used for common bean, called single pod descent spd method, where the generations are. The programs simulate development of pure lines by single seed descent ssd. This method uses a growth chamber biotron with co 2 control, accompanied by tiller removal and embryo rescue to decrease the period before seed maturity. Application of a highresolution genetic map for chromosome. Ssd is a promising method for obtaining homozygous inbred lines in a fast way.
Thirty f 4 progenies and the parents of each population were tested in. Therefore, the multiple seed procedure of ssd would generate. The objective of the study was to develop high yielding rice varieties by using single seed descent method. Pedigree selection was the most effective simulated selection method at high 75% and.
Single seed descent method is another method to handle segregating generations, it is modification of bulk method. It speeds up the breeding cycle, increases the number of favorable genotypes, and reduces breeding costs. Pedigree method and single seed descent method authorstream. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness between the pedigree selection ps and single seed descent ssd methods in two yardlong bean crosses. The single pod descent spd and bulk methods bm produce redundant inbred lines that are descended from either the same f2 or f3 plant. Transgressive segregation for yield and oil content producing lines with considerably higher values than. A practical, rapid generationadvancement system for rice. Gradient descent algorithm with linear regression on. Measurement of inorganic phosphorus in soybeans with.
Single seed descent is a plant that is selffertilized and the resulting seeds. Single seed descent ssd this method is modification of bulk method. Use of the single seed descent method in breeding safflower. Breeding methods in self pollinated crops authorstream. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. With plants grown from selfed populations, there is a better probability of finding selfprogeny of all desired traits within a plant.
Walp were used to assess the effectiveness of two selection procedures in cowpea. Request pdf singleseed descent, singlepod, and bulk sampling methods for soybean the single seed descent ssd method of inbreeding minimizes the amount of genetic sampling. Each generation, a single seed is harvested from each plant to grow the next bulk population. In total 3 pods per plant would be harvested and planted at 3 different locations nyankpala, wa and manga to increase population size. Pdf the efficiency of pedigree and single seed descent. If, instead, one takes steps proportional to the positive of the gradient, one approaches a local.
In the second procedure, the f 3 lines were yieldtested and a pedigree method followed in the f 3 and f 4. Single seed descent method this is the classic procedure of having a single seed from each plant, bulking the individual seeds, and. Development of uniform f1 hybrid varieties of korean radish. A modified pedigree method of selection in soybeans. Hundreds of inbreds have been developed from two parental sets after one parental cross and five generations of inbreds. Speed breeding in growth chambers and glasshouses for crop. Nov 19, 20 seeds from individual f 2 plants were advanced to the f 5 generation using a single seed descent method. Methods of selecting common bean lines having high yield. It is a method of inbreeding a segregating population that is quite conducive to environments that are not typical. In one procedure, a single seed was taken from each f 2 plant to produce the f 3 generation, the process was repeated for the f 4. Seeds from the two earliest flowering plants from the f 2 and f 3 were selected and planted and crossed back to goodstreak to generate the bc 1 f 1. Visit pedigree method advantages and applications to get information about advantages, disadvantages and applications of this method. Understanding a rapid cycling winter wheat background from. In soybean, ssd was found to be more efficient than pedigree selection for yield improvement.
Singleseed descent is a plant that is selffertilized and the resulting seeds are collected. Description two parental lines are crossed to generate f1. The dense planting makes this approach problematic in locating. Breeding methods in self pollinated crops authorstream presentation. Predicting transgressive segregants in early generation using single seed descent method derived micromacrosperma genepool of lentil lens culinaris medikus. A breeding procedure used with segregating populations of selfpollinated species in which plants are advanced by single seeds from one generation to the. The efficiency of pedigree and single seed descent selections. Each step consists of evaluation of a single component i kof the gradient rfat the current point, followed by adjustment of the i. Using the single seed descent method to develop f 5 inbred lines from the f 1, population by repeated selfpollination at each generation. Key advantages and disadvantages of the bulk breeding method. When harvested, the plants were individually labelled in. Goulden 1941 proposed a similar system without calling it ssd. Stochastic gradient methods for largescale machine learning leon bottou. At the end of bulking period, individual plants are selected and evaluated in a similar manner as in the pedigree method of breeding.
Current single seed descent ssd methodologies enable a maximum of three generations per year to be developed in pea. Rice breeding for high yield by advanced single seed. As a result of the speed and economy, the single seed descent scheme is becoming increasingly popular with the breeder. Single seed descent is an easy inbreeding strategy aimed at deferring selection in successive.
The selected lines for both procedures were compared at. Nilgn1 and nilsd1 bc4f4 were developed by repeated backcrossing with koshihikari. But, it does not involve selection process mainly artificial, so chances of loosing superior plants are comparatively more and because of the same reason does not eliminate weak plants early such as in other methods. Single seeds is a cannabis breeder chosen specifically by seedsman for the quality of their marijuana seeds. The f 5 lines were then produced from the seed of individual f 4 plants single seed descent method, ssd. Field and computer simulation studies were used to estimate breeding progress with pedigree selection, single seed descent ssd and combinations of early generation pedigree selection followed by ssd. The single seed descent ssd method of inbreeding minimizes the amount of genetic sampling. Pdf on jan 1, 2011, adnan kanbar and others published comparative efficiency of pedigree, modified bulk and single seed descent breeding methods of selection for developing highyielding lines.
Single seed descent ssd is a method that enables plant breeders to advance generations while maintaining genetic variability johnson and bernard 1962. Repeated selfing or singleseed descent is the fastest way to achieve homozygosity with a group or family. However, tiller removal and embryo rescue are laborious and impractical for large populations. Pdf the objective of this study was to assess the effects of breeding methods on grain yield and grain yield components in winter barley cross timura. Single seed descent method ssd is a modification of bulk method. Bulk method in the bulk method, f2 and the subsequent generations are harvested in mass or as bulks to raise the next generation. Computer simulation as a tool in teaching introductory 1plant breeding s.
With the advent of computers, optimization has become a part of computeraided design activities. Instead of bulking whole seed lot of selected plants, a single seed is selected randomly from each selected plant to make bulk. A breeding procedure which is used with segregating population of self pollinated species in which plants are advanced by selecting single seed per plant from f 2 generation onward is called single seed descent method. The single seed descent method can overcome some of the disadvantages of both the pedigree and bulk breeding methods. Genstat 5 release 2, reference manual supplement, oxford. Thus, the random bulk method is recommended unless competition effects are important, whereupon single seed descent becomes the preferred method. Pdf comparative efficiency of pedigree, modified bulk and. An optimization algorithm is a procedure which is executed iteratively by comparing various solutions till an optimum or a satisfactory solution is found. Download adobe acrobat reader free software to read pdf files. There are many selection methods, but no method is perfect for general use with all crop plants. Various generations will be grown out using modified single seed descent method. Breeding methods self pollinated crops single seed descent modified pedigree general outline. Selection begins in later generations, about f or f.
Pdf on jan 1, 20, malinee janwan and others published rice breeding for high yield by advanced single seed descent method of. Gradient descent is a firstorder iterative optimization algorithm for finding the minimum of a function. Both procedures started from the same f 2 population in each cross. Malinee janwan, tanee sreewongchai and prapa sripichitt subject. To find a local minimum of a function using gradient descent, one takes steps proportional to the negative of the gradient or approximate gradient of the function at the current point.
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